護理師為低血鉀病人執行靜脈注射氯化鉀，給藥前最重要的評估是什麼？
A nurse is administering a dose of intravenous potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. What is the most critical assessment before starting the infusion?
- AConfirm the client has no allergies確認病人無過敏史
- BVerify the presence of adequate urine output✓ 正解驗證是否有足夠的尿量
- CAssess the client's level of consciousness評估病人的意識程度
- DCheck the client's blood pressure檢查病人的血壓
靜脈注射氯化鉀（KCl）具有高度心臟毒性，若病人腎功能不佳導致無法順利排出鉀離子，極易引發嚴重高血鉀，進而造成致命性心律不整（如心室顫動）。臨床上，必須確保腎臟排泄功能正常，即尿量充足（通常標準為至少 0.5 mL/kg/hr 或每小時 30 mL），作為給予靜脈鉀離子的核心安全指標。護理師在給藥前必須檢視病人的尿量記錄，若無尿或少尿，則嚴禁執行給藥並應立即聯絡醫師。
Intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) is highly cardiotoxic. If renal function is impaired and potassium cannot be excreted, severe hyperkalemia can rapidly develop, resulting in lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Clinically, ensuring adequate renal excretory function, demonstrated by sufficient urine output (typically at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr or 30 mL/hr), is the core safety parameter before administering IV potassium. The nurse must review the client's urine output prior to administration; in the presence of anuria or oliguria, administration must be withheld and the physician notified immediately.
台灣醫院常規下，醫師醫囑鉀離子輸注前通常會明確標註「尿量達標後給予」。美國臨床更強調護理師的自主權與評估（Assessment），若護理師未評估尿量即給藥，導致病人高血鉀，護理師將負擔絕大部分的法律責任。