— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人在注射抗生素後發生全身性過敏反應，護理師應優先執行哪項醫囑？
A nurse is caring for a client who develops anaphylaxis after an antibiotic infusion. Which order should the nurse prioritize?
- AStart normal saline bolus開始輸注生理食鹽水衝刺
- BAdminister IV diphenhydramine靜脈注射二苯海拉明
- CAdminister IV methylprednisolone靜脈注射甲基潑尼松龍
- DAdminister intramuscular epinephrine✓ 正解肌肉注射腎上腺素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）為致命性緊急狀況。腎上腺素（Epinephrine）是唯一能透過血管收縮與支氣管擴張扭轉過敏反應的首選藥物。類固醇與抗組織胺僅為輔助，無法迅速緩解嚴重的氣道阻塞或休克，必須先注射腎上腺素。
Intramuscular epinephrine is the priority intervention for anaphylaxis because it rapidly reverses life-threatening symptoms like airway obstruction and hypotension through vasoconstriction and bronchodilation. While fluids, antihistamines, and steroids are part of the treatment plan, they act too slowly or address secondary symptoms compared to the immediate necessity of epinephrine.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對過敏性休克處置均遵循優先給予肌肉注射腎上腺素的指引。