下列哪些屬於非藥物性的疼痛管理？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are examples of non-pharmacological pain management? (Select all that apply.)
- AGuided imagery✓ 正解引导意象
- BProgressive muscle relaxation✓ 正解渐进式肌肉放松
- CTherapeutic massage✓ 正解治疗性按摩
- DPatient-controlled analgesia (PCA)病人自控镇痛 (PCA)
- EDistraction techniques✓ 正解分心技巧
非藥物性疼痛管理（Non-pharmacological pain management）旨在利用心理與生理技巧，轉移注意力或降低中樞神經對疼痛的敏感度。這類方法包括引導意象、肌肉放鬆法、治療性按摩與分心技術。這些技巧能作為藥物療法的輔助，減少止痛藥的劑量需求，並改善病人的心理幸福感。PCA 屬於藥物介入，與此定義不符。
Non-pharmacological pain management uses psychological and physiological techniques to divert attention or reduce central nervous system sensitivity to pain. Such methods include guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, therapeutic massage, and distraction techniques. These approaches serve as adjuncts to pharmacological therapy, reducing analgesic dose requirements and improving the client's psychological well-being. PCA is a pharmacological intervention and does not meet this definition.