— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師針對慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人進行健康促進，下列哪些介入展現了護理專業？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions by the nurse demonstrate an understanding of promoting health in a client with Chronic Kidney Disease? (Select all that apply.)
- AEducating the client to avoid NSAIDs✓ 正解教育病人避免使用非類固醇消炎止痛藥
- BEncouraging high intake of protein to maintain muscle mass鼓勵高蛋白飲食攝取以維持肌肉質量
- CTeaching the client to monitor daily fluid intake and output✓ 正解教導病人監測每日液體攝取量與排出量
- DAdvising the client to restrict dietary potassium if lab results warrant✓ 正解根據檢驗結果建議病人限制膳食鉀攝取
- EPromoting smoking cessation to reduce vascular progression✓ 正解促進戒菸以降低血管病變進展
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
CKD 患者需限制蛋白質攝取以減輕腎負擔，故 B 錯誤。NSAIDs 會導致腎血管收縮，應避免。監控 I/O、限制鉀離子（預防高血鉀導致心律不整）以及戒菸（保護腎血管），均為標準護理介入，以延緩疾病惡化。
CKD clients should restrict protein intake to reduce kidney burden, so B is incorrect. NSAIDs cause renal vasoconstriction and must be avoided. Monitoring I&O, restricting potassium (preventing hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmias), and smoking cessation (protecting renal vessels) are standard nursing interventions to slow disease progression.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣慢性腎臟病盛行率高，醫療團隊對於飲食衛教（營養師參與）的結構非常完整且嚴謹。