— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師諮詢一位成年個案關於癌症預防。個案敘述哪項內容顯示其對次級預防有正確理解？
A nurse is counseling an adult client about cancer prevention. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of secondary prevention?
- AI should wear a wide-brimmed hat when gardening in the sun.我在陽光下園藝時應戴寬邊帽。
- BI will stop smoking to lower my risk of lung cancer.我將戒菸以降低肺癌風險。
- CI should begin scheduling my annual screening mammograms at age 40.✓ 正解我應該在 40 歲時開始安排年度乳房攝影篩檢。
- DI am choosing to eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet to maintain health.我選擇攝取低脂高纖維飲食以維持健康。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
次級預防的核心在於早期發現與早期治療。定期篩檢（如乳房攝影）能在症狀出現前偵測癌症。B、A、D 皆屬於初級預防（Primordial/Primary Prevention），即採取行動降低疾病發生機率的策略。分辨這兩者的差異在於是否已經鎖定檢測疾病的存在。
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, such as scheduled screening mammograms before symptoms appear. Smoking cessation, sun protection, and a low-fat, high-fiber diet are all primary prevention strategies aimed at preventing disease from developing in the first place.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對癌症篩檢年齡建議大致同步，但美國對於低劑量肺部電腦斷層的篩檢條件有更細緻的族群定義。