護理師為一位意識不清的病人進行口腔護理。為了預防吸入性肺炎，哪項措施是首選？
A nurse is performing oral care for an unconscious client. Which action is the priority to prevent aspiration?
- AUse a large amount of water to rinse the mouth.使用大量清水漱口
- BKeep the client in a supine position.使病人保持仰臥位
- CBrush the teeth once every 24 hours.每24小時刷牙一次
- DTurn the client to a side-lying position.✓ 正解將病人轉為側臥位
對於意識不清的病人，保護呼吸道暢通是照護的首要任務。吸入性肺炎（Aspiration pneumonia）是此類病人最嚴重的潛在併發症。採取側臥位（Side-lying position）可以利用重力作用，使口腔內的分泌物或護理時使用的液體自然流出口腔，而非進入氣管。此外，執行口腔護理時應配合抽吸設備，並嚴格限制液體使用量，以確保安全。
For an unconscious client, maintaining airway patency is the primary nursing priority. Aspiration pneumonia is the most serious potential complication in this population. Placing the client in a side-lying position uses gravity so that oral secretions or fluids used during care drain naturally out of the mouth rather than entering the trachea. In addition, oral care should be performed with suction equipment available, and the amount of fluid used should be strictly limited to ensure safety.
台灣與美國在口腔護理的常規頻率建議類似，但在美國臨床上非常強調使用「抽吸式牙刷」（Suction toothbrush）進行口腔護理，以進一步降低吸入風險。