護理師執行下列哪些活動有助於促進老年人口的健康？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following activities performed by the nurse promotes health in an elderly population? (Select all that apply.)
- AInstructing on home fall prevention measures✓ 正解指導居家防跌措施
- BAdministering the pneumococcal vaccine✓ 正解施打肺炎鏈球菌疫苗
- CConducting a mini-mental state examination進行迷你心智狀態檢查
- DReferring for a podiatry check-up✓ 正解轉介接受足科檢查
- ETeaching about proper nutrition and hydration✓ 正解教導正確營養與水分補充
健康促進旨在增強個體對健康行為的控制力，特別是在老年族群中，重點在於預防跌倒、感染控制、足部護理及營養維持。正確選項（A, B, D, E）皆是實證醫學中能顯著減少老年人併發症與維持生活品質的關鍵策略。MMSE（Mini-Mental State Examination）屬於診斷性評估，用於篩檢認知功能障礙，而非健康促進活動。
Health promotion in the elderly focuses on preventing complications and maintaining independence through fall prevention, vaccination, foot care, and nutritional education. These evidence-based strategies significantly reduce morbidity and support quality of life. The Mini-Mental State Examination is a diagnostic screening tool for cognitive impairment, not a health promotion activity.
美國醫療體系非常重視「預防性照護（Preventive Care）」，護理師在社區或居家照護中，常會進行系統性的環境安全評估（Home Safety Assessment）。