— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些臨床表現暗示病人發生了輸血反應？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following indicates that a patient is experiencing a reaction to a blood transfusion? (Select all that apply.)
- ABack pain✓ 正解背痛
- BFever and chills✓ 正解發燒與畏寒
- CWheezing✓ 正解喘鳴
- DIncreased blood pressure血壓升高
- EFlushing of the skin✓ 正解皮膚潮紅
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
輸血反應（Transfusion reaction）涵蓋多種免疫或非免疫機制，臨床護理師需監控輸血過程中的任何異常變化。正確答案反映了急性溶血、發熱性非溶血性反應及過敏反應的典型徵象。後背痛常暗示急性溶血反應導致的腎臟血管痙攣；發燒與畏寒為最常見的發熱反應；喘鳴顯示呼吸道過敏；皮膚潮紅則為輕至中度過敏反應。臨床思路應優先評估生命徵象的惡化，若出現這些症狀，應立即啟動輸血反應處理流程。
Signs of a transfusion reaction include back pain, which suggests acute hemolytic reaction, as well as fever, chills, wheezing, and skin flushing indicating febrile or allergic responses. Nurses must monitor for these symptoms during infusion and initiate immediate protocols if they occur. Hypotension is more common than hypertension in these reactions.