— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位新診斷為低血鉀的病人，應預期出現哪些臨床表徵？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of hypokalemia. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- BHypoactive bowel sounds✓ 正解腸音減弱
- CPresence of U waves on the ECG✓ 正解心電圖出現 U 波
- DTall, peaked T waves高大尖銳的 T 波
- ECardiac arrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀影響細胞膜電位，導致神經肌肉功能異常。常見症狀包括肌肉無力、腸蠕動減弱（便秘或麻痺性腸阻塞）。心電圖特徵包括 U 波出現、ST 段下移及心律不整。Tall, peaked T waves 是高血鉀的典型表現，非低血鉀。
Hypokalemia disrupts cellular membrane potentials, leading to neuromuscular dysfunction characterized by generalized muscle weakness and hypoactive bowel sounds due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. Cardiac manifestations include arrhythmias and the presence of U waves on the electrocardiogram, whereas tall, peaked T waves are indicative of hyperkalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院通常會嚴格執行監測心電圖，美國部分基層單位則需視單位規範決定監測等級。