護理師教導病人閱讀營養標示，對於心臟健康，應優先看哪些部分？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed patient about how to interpret nutrition labels. Which components should be prioritized for heart health? (Select all that apply.)
- ASodium content✓ 正解鈉含量
- BSaturated fat✓ 正解飽和脂肪
- CTrans fat✓ 正解反式脂肪
- DAdded sugars✓ 正解添加糖
- EVitamin D維生素 D
心臟健康營養指導的核心在於減少會引發高血壓、動脈粥狀硬化及發炎反應的飲食攝取。鈉含量（Sodium）控制能降低體液滯留與血壓；飽和脂肪（Saturated fat）與反式脂肪（Trans fat）會升高低密度脂蛋白（LDL），加速血管斑塊形成；添加糖（Added sugars）過量則與胰島素阻抗及發炎反應相關，進而損害心血管健康。正確識別這些標示成分有助於病人做出正確的飲食選擇。維生素 D 雖對骨骼健康重要，但並非心血管風險控制的優先指標。
The core of heart-healthy nutrition counseling is to reduce dietary intake that promotes hypertension, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Controlling sodium intake reduces fluid retention and blood pressure; saturated fat and trans fat raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and accelerate plaque formation; excess added sugar is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, which further damages cardiovascular health. Correctly identifying these label components helps the client make appropriate dietary choices. Although vitamin D is important for bone health, it is not a priority indicator for cardiovascular risk control.