護理師正在教導關於心血管疾病的二級預防。對於已經患有高血壓的病人，護理師應包含哪項措施？
A nurse is teaching a client about secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Which action should the nurse include for a client who already has hypertension?
- AScreening for peripheral artery disease.✓ 正解篩檢周邊動脈疾病
- BReceiving a pneumonia vaccine.接種肺炎疫苗
- CTaking a daily low-dose aspirin as prescribed.按醫囑每日服用低劑量阿斯匹靈
- DAttending a community exercise class.參加社區運動課程
本題旨在評估護理師對疾病預防三級分類（Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention）的理解，特別是針對心血管疾病的二級預防。二級預防的目標是在疾病早期階段進行篩檢、診斷和早期治療，以阻止疾病進展或預防併發症。對於已經患有高血壓的病人，他們已經有心血管疾病的風險因子，因此護理師的重點應放在監測和早期發現與高血壓相關的併發症，從而進行及時干預，改善預後。這對於降低心血管疾病的整體負擔至關重要。
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to halt disease progression in individuals at high risk or with existing conditions. For a client with hypertension, screening for peripheral artery disease allows for timely management of related complications, whereas vaccinations and general exercise classes are primarily forms of primary prevention.
疾病預防的三級分類（初級、二級、三級預防）是公共衛生和護理學的普世概念，其定義和應用在美國和台灣是完全一致的。護理師在兩地都會運用這些概念來規劃和執行病人的健康照護計畫，以達到最佳的疾病預防和管理效果。