— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師對有高血壓家族史的病人進行飲食衛教，下列何者建議最合適？
A nurse is providing health teaching to a client with a family history of hypertension. Which dietary recommendation is the most appropriate?
- ADASH diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy✓ 正解強調水果、蔬菜和低脂乳製品的得舒飲食（DASH diet）
- BKetogenic diet to reduce glycemic spikes為減少血糖波動而採用的生酮飲食
- CHigh protein diet focusing on red meat以紅肉為重點的高蛋白飲食
- DRestriction of all dietary fats限制所有膳食脂肪
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
得舒飲食（DASH diet）是臨床實證用於控制高血壓的黃金標準。其核心機轉在於透過高纖維、高鉀、高鎂、高鈣及低鈉的攝取，改善血管內皮功能並降低血壓。對於有高血壓家族史的病人，建立此類飲食習慣能顯著降低未來發生心血管疾病的風險。其他飲食法如生酮飲食或高蛋白飲食，若未經專業評估，可能伴隨過高的飽和脂肪攝取。
The DASH diet is the clinical gold standard for managing hypertension due to its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy. This dietary approach improves vascular function and lowers blood pressure, significantly reducing cardiovascular risk in those with a family history.