— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正給予萬古黴素（vancomycin）的靜脈輸注。下列哪些潛在的副作用需要護理師立即停止輸注？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering an IV infusion of vancomycin. Which of the following potential adverse effects requires the nurse to stop the infusion immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- AClient reports mild nausea.客戶主訴輕微噁心。
- BClient develops a red, pruritic rash on the face and neck.✓ 正解客戶面部和頸部出現紅色、搔癢的皮疹。
- CClient's blood pressure decreases by 20 mmHg.✓ 正解客戶血壓下降 20 mmHg。
- DClient reports a headache.客戶主訴頭痛。
- EClient's urine output decreases significantly.✓ 正解客戶尿量顯著減少。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注時需嚴格監測副作用。選項 B 為典型的「紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）」，是由於輸注過快導致組織胺釋放，需停止輸注並依醫囑給予抗組織胺。選項 C 低血壓是紅人症候群的潛在併發症，需停止輸注以穩定生命徵象。選項 E 減少尿量是萬古黴素腎毒性（Nephrotoxicity）的臨床徵兆，必須立即停止以防急性腎損傷。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must be administered via an infusion pump to ensure precise control of the delivery rate. The infusion rate should not exceed 10 mEq per hour to prevent cardiac toxicity, and the IV site must be assessed regularly for signs of phlebitis due to the drug's irritant properties.