一位 80 歲獨居且有骨質疏鬆史的長者。護理師應優先建議哪項居家安全改造以預防跌倒？
An 80-year-old client lives alone and has a history of osteoporosis. Which home safety modification should the nurse recommend first to prevent falls?
- AInstall a walk-in bathtub安裝步入式浴缸
- BRemove all throw rugs from the floor✓ 正解移除地板上所有活動地毯
- CInstall a security camera system安裝安全監視系統
- DPlace a high-contrast tape on the edge of the stairs在階梯邊緣貼上高對比膠帶
跌倒預防是高齡護理中健康促進的核心。對於有骨質疏鬆的老年人，一次跌倒就可能造成髖部骨折，導致失能。正確答案是 B，移除活動地毯（throw rugs）是成本最低且效果最直接的干預措施，因為地毯邊緣極易造成絆倒。核心概念在於消除環境中的危險因子。選項 D 雖然有助於視力差的長者，但不如移除地毯全面。選項 A 改裝浴缸成本高，且非最首要措施。選項 C 與跌倒預防無直接因果關係。臨床思路上，護理師應先尋找最簡單、最即時能改善安全的環境調整。
Throw rugs are a significant tripping hazard and a leading cause of falls in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis who are at high risk for fractures. Removing these rugs is the most immediate, cost-effective, and practical environmental modification to enhance safety and prevent injury.
美國護理師常協同職能治療師（OT）進行 Home Safety Assessment，並有專門的保險給付環境改造；台灣則多由長照 2.0 提供補助，護理師在出院衛教時會針對浴室扶手與防滑墊進行重點說明。