— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估一位懷孕 28 週的婦女。護理師應視下列哪些為預期中的健康維護生理變化？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a pregnant client at 28 weeks gestation. Which findings should the nurse identify as expected changes in health promotion? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncreased tidal volume✓ 正解潮氣容積增加
- BPhysiological anemia✓ 正解生理性貧血
- CDecreased cardiac output心輸出量減少
- DLordosis✓ 正解腰椎前凸
- EIncreased basal metabolic rate✓ 正解基礎代謝率增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
懷孕期間身體為了適應胎兒生長與代謝需求，會出現多項生理適應：肺部潮氣容積增加以換取更多氧氣；血漿容積增幅大於紅血球導致生理性貧血；重心後移引發腰椎前凸；代謝率增加以應對能量消耗。心輸出量則會增加而非減少。
Expected physiological adaptations during pregnancy include increased tidal volume to meet fetal oxygen demands, physiological anemia due to plasma volume expansion exceeding red blood cell mass, lordosis as the center of gravity shifts, and an increased basal metabolic rate to support energy needs. Cardiac output typically increases, not decreases, making option C incorrect.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美產前衛教重點一致，但美國護理師執行產檢評估與診斷的權限通常較為廣泛。