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安全與感染控制 · HARD · SATA

護理師照護一名疑似結核病診斷的病人,應包含哪些照護計畫?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which of the following should be included in the client's care plan? (Select all that apply.)

  • APlace the client in an airborne infection isolation room✓ 正解
    將病人安置於空氣傳染隔離病室
  • BEnsure the client wears a surgical mask during transport✓ 正解
    確保病人在轉運期間佩戴外科口罩
  • CWear an N95 respirator when entering the room✓ 正解
    進入房間時佩戴 N95 呼吸器
  • DImplement contact precautions
    實施接觸隔離措施
  • EUtilize a negative airflow room✓ 正解
    使用負壓通風房間
Explanation · 中文詳解

結核病(Tuberculosis, TB)是一種由結核分枝桿菌引起、主要影響肺部的傳染病,透過空氣中的飛沫(droplet nuclei)傳播。因此,對疑似或確診結核病的病人實施適當的感染控制措施至關重要,以保護醫護人員、其他病人及訪客。 正確答案 A、B、C、E 均為結核病照護計畫應包含的項目。將病人安置於空氣隔離病室(Airborne Infection Isolation Room, AIIR)(A)是核心措施,此類病室具有負壓通風系統,確保空氣向內流動,並透過 HEPA 濾網過濾後排出,防止病原體擴散。病人離開病室時,必須佩戴外科口罩(Surgical mask)(B),以減少其呼吸道分泌物傳播的機會。醫護人員進入病室時,必須配戴 N95 呼吸器(N95 respirator)(C),因為它能有效過濾微小的結核桿菌飛沫。負壓病室(Negative airflow room)(E)是空氣隔離病室的關鍵技術特徵。 選項 D(實施接觸隔離)對結核病不是標準的隔離措施,除非病人同時合併其他需要接觸隔離的感染。結核病主要透過空氣傳播,空氣隔離是主要防護方式。

Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei, necessitating strict airborne precautions. The client should be placed in a negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room to prevent pathogen spread. Healthcare providers must wear N95 respirators, and the client should wear a surgical mask during transport to contain infectious particles. Contact precautions are not indicated unless there is a co-infection.

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