護理師在維持無菌區(Sterile Field)時,哪些行為展現了正確的技術?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper technique when maintaining a sterile field? (Select all that apply.)
- AOpening the first flap of a sterile kit away from the body✓ 正解背對身體方向打開無菌套的第一片摺邊
- BHolding sterile objects above the level of the waist✓ 正解將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
- CPlacing sterile items within the 1-inch border of the sterile drape將無菌物品放置在無菌單邊緣 1 英吋範圍內
- DTurning away from the sterile field to grab more supplies轉身背對無菌區去拿取更多用品
- EDropping sterile items onto the field from 6 inches above✓ 正解從 6 英吋上方將無菌物品掉落至無菌區
無菌技術的維護是預防醫源性感染的關鍵。A 選項正確:打開無菌包的第一個摺邊應朝向遠離自己的方向,避免手部跨越無菌區。B 選項正確:視線以下或腰部以下的區域皆視為汙染,故無菌物必須保持在腰部以上。E 選項正確:向無菌區投放物品時,應保持約 6 英吋(15公分)的高度落下,避免接觸邊緣。C 選項錯誤:無菌巾周圍 1 英吋(2.5公分)的邊緣被視為汙染區,無菌物品不可觸碰此區。D 選項錯誤:絕對不可背對無菌區或離開視線,因為無法保證背對時無菌區是否受到污染。護理師必須隨時監控無菌場域的完整性。
Proper sterile technique involves opening the first flap of a sterile kit away from the body to avoid reaching over the field later. Sterile items must be held above the waistline, as areas below this level are considered contaminated, and items should be dropped from approximately six inches high to avoid edge contamination. The one-inch border of a sterile drape is non-sterile, and nurses must never turn their backs on a sterile field.
在美國護理實習與考照(NCLEX)中,無菌區的 1 英吋規範(1-inch border)是非常明確且常考的邊界。台灣臨床上雖然也有此規定,但在實際換藥或導尿操作時,對於『背對無菌區』的稽核強度有時因環境狹窄而有所妥協,但在考試中絕不可選。