護理師與老年病人討論臨終照護。病人表示若病入膏肓則不願接受維持生命治療。護理師應協助完成哪項法律文件？
A nurse is discussing end-of-life care with an older adult client. The client expresses a wish to have no life-sustaining treatment if they become terminally ill. Which legal document should the nurse facilitate?
- AA living will✓ 正解生前遺囑
- BAn informed consent form知情同意書
- CA durable power of attorney for finances財務持久授權書
- DA police report警方報告
本題旨在評估護理師對於臨終照護（end-of-life care）中預立醫療指示（advance directives）法律文件的理解。預立醫療指示允許個人在失去決策能力時，預先表達他們對於未來醫療處置的意願，這體現了病人自主權的核心原則。當病人明確表示不願接受維持生命治療時，護理師有責任協助他們完成適當的法律文件，以確保其意願在未來能被尊重和執行。這對於提供以病人為中心的照護、減輕家屬決策負擔、以及避免不必要的醫療介入至關重要。
A living will is the appropriate legal document to facilitate, as it specifically outlines a client's preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments in the event of terminal illness or incapacity. This advance directive respects patient autonomy and ensures that medical interventions align with the client's wishes, unlike informed consent or financial powers of attorney.
在美國和台灣，病人自主權和預立醫療指示的概念都受到法律保障。美國有《病人自決法》（Patient Self-Determination Act），提倡病人簽署生前遺囑（Living Will）或醫療持久授權書（Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare）。台灣則有《病人自主權利法》，允許病人簽署「預立醫療決定」（Advance Decision），其功能與生前遺囑相似，旨在保障病人在特定臨床條件下拒絕維持生命治療或人工營養與流體餵養的權利。護理師在兩地都會協助病人了解並完成這些法律文件。