— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
公共衛生護理師進行疫苗可預防疾病的工作坊。關於流感疫苗的哪項敘述是正確的？
A public health nurse is conducting a workshop on vaccine-preventable diseases. Which statement about the influenza vaccine is correct?
- AIt should be avoided by individuals over 6565 歲以上人士應避免接種。
- BIt is recommended annually due to viral mutations✓ 正解由於病毒突變，建議每年接種。
- CIt provides lifelong immunity可提供終身免疫力。
- DIt is contraindicated for pregnant women孕婦禁用。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
流感病毒具有顯著的抗原漂移（Antigenic Drift）特性，每年流行的病毒株可能發生基因突變。因此，疫苗成分必須每年根據全球監測數據進行調整，且疫苗誘導的免疫力無法維持終身，必須每年接種以獲得足夠保護。這是公共衛生預防的核心概念，特別對於高風險群如長者與孕婦，每年接種是降低併發症與死亡率的最佳途徑。
The influenza virus undergoes significant antigenic drift, leading to annual genetic mutations in circulating strains. Consequently, vaccine components must be updated yearly based on global surveillance data, and immunity does not last a lifetime. Annual vaccination is essential for high-risk groups, such as the elderly and pregnant women, to maintain protection against complications.