— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師教導 COPD 個案關於健康促進。應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about health promotion. Which of the following should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- APractice pursed-lip breathing✓ 正解練習噘嘴呼吸
- BAvoid crowds during peak respiratory virus seasons✓ 正解在呼吸道病毒流行高峰期避免前往人群聚集處
- CPerform strenuous daily exercise for two hours每天進行兩小時的劇烈運動
- DMaintain up-to-date vaccinations, including flu and pneumonia✓ 正解保持最新疫苗接种狀態，包括流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗
- EStop smoking immediately✓ 正解立即戒菸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的健康促進目標是減緩肺功能衰退、預防急性發作及提升生活品質。噘嘴式呼吸（pursed-lip breathing）能延長呼氣時間，增加氣道壓力，防止小氣道塌陷。避免感染源、接種疫苗及戒菸是預防急性加重（exacerbation）的核心手段。運動雖重要，但應採取溫和、規律的運動，避免過度耗氧。
Health promotion for COPD includes pursed-lip breathing to keep airways open, smoking cessation to slow disease progression, and vaccinations to prevent respiratory infections. Avoiding crowds reduces exposure to pathogens that could cause exacerbations.