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藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位病人被診斷為躁鬱症並開始服用碳酸鋰(Lithium carbonate)。護理師應提供哪項衛教以確保病人的安全?

A client is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is starting lithium carbonate. Which teaching should the nurse provide to ensure the client’s safety?

  • ARestrict sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg per day.
    將鈉攝取量限制在每天少於 1,500 毫克。
  • BDecrease fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
    將水分攝取量減少至每天 1 公升。
  • CTake the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption.
    空腹服藥以獲得更好吸收。
  • DMaintain a consistent intake of dietary sodium.✓ 正解
    維持飲食中鈉的攝取量一致。
Explanation · 中文詳解

本題的核心在於鋰鹽(Lithium)與鈉離子的藥理競爭機制。鋰在體內的代謝與鈉離子密切相關,腎臟會將鋰視為鈉的一種。如果病人限制鈉攝取(A),腎臟為了保鈉會增加鋰的重吸收,導致血鋰濃度上升引起中毒;反之,若鈉攝取過多,則會促進鋰排泄,導致藥效不足。因此,維持「穩定的鈉攝取」(D)對於血鋰濃度的穩定至關重要。同時,鋰鹽易導致脫水,應鼓勵充足水分攝取而非限制水分(B)。鋰鹽常引起胃部不適,通常建議隨餐服用(C)而非空腹。鋰鹽的治療指數窄,中毒症狀包括震顫、腹瀉、口齒不清,所有的衛教都應圍繞在「維持平衡」與「辨識中毒症狀」。

Lithium metabolism is closely linked to sodium balance because the kidneys treat lithium similarly to sodium. Maintaining a consistent dietary sodium intake is crucial to prevent fluctuations in serum lithium levels; low sodium increases lithium reabsorption and toxicity risk, while high sodium promotes lithium excretion. Patients should also maintain adequate fluid intake (2-3 liters daily) to prevent dehydration and take lithium with food to minimize gastrointestinal distress.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 題目中「Lithium and Sodium」是必考的經典配對;在台灣臨床,護理師常偏重於提醒抽血監測(TDM),對於「鈉攝取穩定」的飲食教育有時不如對心衰竭限鈉教育那樣普及,需特別強化。

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