— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照顧一位計畫前往瘧疾流行區的客戶，應提供何種預防性建議？
A nurse is caring for a client who is planning to travel to a region where malaria is endemic. What prophylactic advice should the nurse provide?
- ABegin taking antimalarial medication before departure as prescribed.✓ 正解依處方於出發前開始服用抗瘧疾藥物
- BDrink bottled water only to prevent parasitic infection.僅飲用瓶裝水以預防寄生蟲感染
- CAvoid all fruit and vegetables during the trip.旅途中避免食用所有水果和蔬菜
- DApply sunscreen hourly to prevent mosquito attraction.每小時塗抹防曬乳以預防蚊蟲吸引
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
瘧疾預防藥物（如 hydroxychloroquine 或 atovaquone/proguanil）需在出發前開始服用，以確保血中濃度達到有效水準。此外，防蚊措施如使用含 DEET 的防蚊液及蚊帳同樣重要。飲水與飲食衛生雖重要，但主要預防的是腸胃道感染，而非瘧疾。
Antimalarial prophylaxis must begin before travel to ensure therapeutic blood levels are reached upon exposure. While hygiene measures prevent gastrointestinal infections, they do not protect against malaria transmitted by mosquitoes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國設有旅遊醫學門診（Travel Clinic）專門處理此類需求，台灣則多在各大醫院的感染科旅遊門診進行處置。