— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師針對新診斷高血壓的個案進行出院指導。應強調哪些生活型態修正？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdopting the DASH diet✓ 正解採用 DASH 飲食
- BEngaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week✓ 正解每週進行至少 150 分鐘的中等強度有氧運動
- CLimiting alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
- DSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- EIncreasing sodium intake to improve renal blood flow增加鈉攝取以改善腎臟血流
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓（Hypertension）的長期管理依賴生活型態的改變（Lifestyle modifications），這是臨床首選的第一線治療。除了藥物治療，護理師必須教育個案，透過飲食控制（如 DASH 飲食）、規律有氧運動、戒菸及限酒，能有效降低收縮壓與舒張壓，進而減少心血管併發症的風險。這類介入需要個案的長期配合與自我照護能力。
The DASH diet, regular aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol are key lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk. Increasing sodium intake is contraindicated as it contributes to fluid retention and elevated blood pressure.