— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
護理師為一位處於躁期（manic phase）的躁鬱症病人進行入院評估，應觀察到哪些行為？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting an admission assessment for a client with bipolar disorder who is in a manic phase. Which behaviors should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- APressured speech✓ 正解壓迫性說話
- BDecreased need for sleep✓ 正解睡眠需求減少
- CPsychomotor retardation精神運動性遲滯
- DGrandiosity✓ 正解自大狂
- EFlight of ideas✓ 正解思維奔逸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁期（Mania）特徵為過度活動與情緒高昂，包括：快速且被迫的語速（Pressured speech）、對睡眠需求大幅減少卻仍精力充沛、誇大感（Grandiosity）以及想法飛躍（Flight of ideas）。動作遲緩（Psychomotor retardation）屬於憂鬱期的特徵，與躁期相反。
Manic episodes are characterized by pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, and flight of ideas due to heightened psychomotor activity. Psychomotor retardation is a symptom of depression, not mania, and is therefore not expected in this phase.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對躁期病人的環境管理一致，均強調減少刺激與安全保護。但美國對躁鬱症的藥物衛教較強調依從性與自殺風險評估。