護理師在病人服用第一劑 Lisinopril 後進行監測。哪項發現是最嚴重的副作用?
The nurse is monitoring a client after the first dose of Lisinopril. Which finding is the most serious adverse effect?
- ALightheadedness when standing站立時頭暈
- BSwelling of the lips and tongue✓ 正解嘴唇和舌頭腫脹
- CDry, nonproductive cough乾咳
- DDecreased sense of taste味覺減退
Lisinopril 屬於血管張力素轉換酶抑制劑(ACE inhibitor)類藥物,常用於治療高血壓和心衰竭。雖然 ACE 抑制劑是安全有效的藥物,但它們具有多種潛在副作用,其中一些可能危及生命。護理師在病人服用第一劑後進行監測,是為了及早發現並處理最嚴重的副作用,特別是那些可能影響氣道和呼吸功能的反應。對於新處方的藥物,特別是血壓藥物,首次給藥後的嚴密監測是確保病人安全的重要環節。
Angioedema, manifested as swelling of the lips and tongue, is the most serious adverse effect because it can rapidly progress to airway obstruction and respiratory distress. While lightheadedness indicates first-dose hypotension, it is generally manageable and less life-threatening than potential airway compromise. Other side effects like dry cough or taste changes are common but not medically urgent.
血管張力素轉換酶抑制劑(ACE inhibitor)的藥理作用、治療用途、常見副作用和嚴重副作用的監測,在台灣和美國的臨床實踐中是完全一致的。兩地皆將血管性水腫(angioedema)視為最緊急且危及生命的副作用,護理師應立即識別並處理。在藥物衛教和監測標準上並無顯著差異。