下列哪些屬於「二段預防」(Secondary Prevention)措施?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following are considered 'secondary prevention' measures? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnnual mammography screening✓ 正解年度乳房攝影篩檢
- BBlood pressure screening at a health fair✓ 正解健康博覽會中的血壓篩檢
- CSmoking cessation classes for current smokers針對現任吸菸者的戒菸課程
- DPhysical therapy for post-stroke hemiparesis中風後偏癱的物理治療
- EFasting blood glucose testing for high-risk individuals✓ 正解對高風險族群的空腹血糖測試
核心概念:二段預防(Secondary Prevention)的目的與措施。 為何正確答案對: A. 乳房攝影篩檢(Annual mammography screening)。乳房攝影是針對無症狀婦女進行的篩檢工具,旨在早期發現乳癌,屬於二段預防。 B. 在健康博覽會進行血壓篩檢(Blood pressure screening at a health fair)。在無症狀人群中進行血壓篩檢,目的是早期發現高血壓,及時介入治療,屬於二段預防。 E. 對於高風險族群進行空腹血糖測試(Fasting blood glucose testing for high-risk individuals)。篩檢高風險族群的血糖,旨在早期發現糖尿病或糖尿病前期,屬於二段預防。 為何其他選項錯: C. 為現有吸菸者舉辦的戒菸班(Smoking cessation classes for current smokers)。戒菸是為了預防吸菸相關疾病的發生,屬於初段預防(Primary Prevention)。 D. 中風後偏癱的物理治療(Physical therapy for post-stroke hemiparesis)。物理治療是在疾病(中風)已發生並造成損害(偏癱)後,旨在恢復功能、減少失能,屬於三段預防(Tertiary Prevention)。 臨床思路/健康促進:預防保健的三段模式是公共衛生的重要概念。初段預防(Primary)著重於「病前」的預防;二段預防(Secondary)著重於「早期發現、早期治療」;三段預防(Tertiary)著重於「疾病發生後的復健與併發症管理」。護理師需能辨識不同措施所屬的預防層級,並提供相應的衛教。
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and screening of asymptomatic conditions to facilitate prompt treatment, such as mammography for breast cancer, blood pressure checks for hypertension, and fasting glucose tests for diabetes. In contrast, smoking cessation is primary prevention, and physical therapy for existing disability is tertiary prevention.