— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些措施適用於第二型糖尿病個案以預防長期併發症？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with Type 2 diabetes to prevent long-term complications? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain HbA1c below 7%✓ 正解維持 HbA1c 低於 7%
- BConduct daily foot self-inspections✓ 正解進行每日足部自我檢查
- CAttend annual dilated eye examinations✓ 正解參加年度散瞳眼底檢查
- DPerform high-intensity interval training daily每日進行高強度間歇訓練
- ELimit protein intake to prevent kidney damage限制蛋白質攝取以預防腎臟損傷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病長期控制重點：HbA1c <7% 可降低微血管併發症；足部檢查預防潰瘍與截肢；視網膜檢查預防盲眼。高強度運動（D）可能不適合所有病況，需因人而異；蛋白質限制（E）並非針對所有病患，過度限制反而造成肌少症。
Key long-term diabetes management: an HbA1c below 7% reduces microvascular complications; foot exams prevent ulcers and amputation; retinal exams prevent blindness. High-intensity exercise (D) may not be appropriate for every client and should be individualized; protein restriction (E) is not for all clients, and over-restriction can lead to sarcopenia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國糖尿病衛教師 (CDE) 制度非常完善；台灣亦有相關認證，但在醫療給付制度下，衛教時間常被壓縮。