護理師向社區民眾衛教心血管疾病的初級預防，應包含哪些活動？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Which activities should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngaging in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity weekly✓ 正解每週進行150分鐘中等強度的有氧運動
- BSmoking cessation and avoiding secondhand smoke✓ 正解戒菸並避免二手菸
- CMaintaining a diet rich in saturated fats and refined sugars維持富含飽和脂肪和精緻糖的饮食
- DRegular screening for hypertension and hyperlipidemia✓ 正解定期篩檢高血壓和高脂血症
- EConsuming at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily✓ 正解每天至少食用5份水果和蔬菜
心血管疾病的初級預防（Primary prevention）旨在「疾病發生前」消除危險因子。透過規律的運動（每週 150 分鐘中等強度有氧運動）能改善心肺功能；戒菸能立即降低血管發炎與動脈硬化風險；定期篩檢血壓與血脂能早期發現異常並控制；健康飲食（高蔬果攝取）則提供抗氧化保護。這些都是預防心血管疾病發生的核心措施。
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease focuses on eliminating risk factors before disease onset through lifestyle modifications and early detection. Recommended actions include engaging in 150 minutes of weekly moderate aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, regular screening for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Diets high in saturated fats and refined sugars should be avoided as they increase cardiovascular risk.