— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
在為一位 75 歲健康長者進行常規健康評估時，護理師預期會發現下列哪些現象？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse expect during a routine health screening of a healthy 75-year-old adult? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased visual acuity in dim light✓ 正解在昏暗光線下視力敏銳度下降
- BSlight decrease in height✓ 正解身高略微變矮
- CIncreased subcutaneous fat in the extremities四肢皮下脂肪增加
- DDelayed reaction time✓ 正解反應時間延遲
- EReduced sensitivity to pain✓ 正解對疼痛的敏感度降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
隨著年齡增長（75歲），人體生理機能會出現自然的退化現象。視網膜與瞳孔調節能力下降導致暗適應能力變差；脊椎間盤水分減少導致身高變矮；神經傳導速度變慢引起反應遲鈍；皮膚神經末梢密度降低則導致痛覺感受度下降。這些皆屬正常老化過程（Normal physiological changes of aging），護理師需區分這些生理變化與病理狀況。
Normal physiological changes occur with aging. Reduced pupillary accommodation and retinal function decrease low-light vision; intervertebral disc dehydration reduces height; slowed neural conduction delays reaction time; decreased peripheral nerve density reduces pain sensitivity. These are normal aging changes — the nurse must distinguish them from pathologic conditions.