護理師指導個案關於中風的「可改變危險因子」。下列哪些內容應納入？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for stroke. Which items should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
- BAge年齡
- CSmoking✓ 正解吸菸
- DAtrial fibrillation✓ 正解心房顫動
- EFamily history家族病史
中風的危險因子分為「可改變（Modifiable）」與「不可改變（Non-modifiable）」。護理衛教的核心目標在於協助病人識別能透過生活型態調整或醫療介入（如藥物控制）來降低風險的因子。高血壓是中風最強的危險因子，透過控制血壓可顯著降低腦血管意外發生率；吸菸會導致血管內皮損傷與血液高凝狀態；心房顫動則易引發心源性血栓栓塞。反之，年齡與家族史屬於個體無法控制的生物性特徵，重點應放在對不可改變因子的認知與早期篩檢。
Modifiable risk factors for stroke include conditions that can be managed through lifestyle changes or medical treatment. Hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk factor, while smoking damages blood vessels and atrial fibrillation increases the risk of clot formation. In contrast, age and family history are non-modifiable genetic factors.
台美在預防中風的衛教內容一致。美國臨床實務特別強調「Stroke Screening」與「Community Outreach」，護理師需具備評估病人家庭背景並連結社會資源（如戒菸門診、營養師諮詢）的能力。