— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師進行老年評估。哪項發現被視為「非正常」的老化過程？
A nurse is performing a geriatric assessment. Which finding is considered an abnormal part of the aging process?
- ASudden onset of confusion and disorientation✓ 正解突然出現的意識混亂與定向力障礙
- BIncreased sensitivity to glare對眩光敏感度增加
- CReduced sensitivity to high-pitched sounds對高頻聲音敏感度降低
- DDecreased height due to vertebral disk thinning因椎間盤變薄導致身高減退
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老化過程伴隨著身體功能的生理性衰退，如脊椎間盤變薄導致身高變矮、感覺器官敏感度下降等，這些均屬於正常老化範疇。然而，「突然」發生的意識混亂（Confusion）或定向力障礙，絕對不是正常老化的必然結果。在臨床上，這通常是譫妄（Delirium）的警訊，常見誘因包括感染（如泌尿道感染）、電解質不平衡、藥物副作用或缺氧。護理師應將其視為急性生理變化的指標，必須立即進行評估與通報，而非將其歸咎於年齡增長。
Sudden onset of confusion and disorientation is not a normal part of aging and typically indicates delirium due to an acute medical issue such as infection or electrolyte imbalance. In contrast, decreased visual sensitivity to glare, presbycusis, and height loss from vertebral disk thinning are expected physiological changes.