護理師正在衛教一位計畫懷孕的個案。哪種營養補充品對預防神經管缺陷最重要？
A nurse is educating a client who is planning to become pregnant. Which supplement is most important to prevent neural tube defects?
- AVitamin A維生素 A
- BFolic acid✓ 正解葉酸
- CCalcium鈣
- DVitamin D維生素 D
護理師在提供孕前衛教時，確保準媽媽了解關鍵的營養補充品對於胎兒的健康發展至關重要。特別是某些維生素和礦物質，在受孕前和懷孕初期對於預防先天性缺陷扮演著不可或缺的角色。神經管缺陷 (Neural Tube Defects, NTDs) 是一類嚴重的出生缺陷，會影響胎兒的大腦和脊髓發育。本題旨在評估護理師對於預防 NTDs 最關鍵營養補充品的知識，這也是美國與台灣公共衛生領域長期推廣的重要衛教內容。
Preconception teaching by the nurse must ensure the future mother understands the key nutritional supplements important for fetal health. Certain vitamins and minerals are indispensable for preventing congenital defects before conception and in early pregnancy. Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a serious group of birth defects affecting fetal brain and spinal cord development. This item assesses the nurse's knowledge of the most critical supplement for NTD prevention, which is a long-standing public health teaching priority in both the US and Taiwan.
美國建議所有育齡女性每日補充 400 mcg 葉酸；台灣國健署亦有相同建議，並強調多攝取綠色蔬菜。