一位 65 歲個案詢問如何降低失智症風險。哪些建議是促進認知健康的實證方法？（選所有適合的）
A 65-year-old client asks about reducing the risk of dementia. Which recommendations are evidence-based for promoting cognitive health? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngaging in lifelong learning✓ 正解參與終身學習
- BMaintaining a healthy cardiovascular profile✓ 正解維持健康的心血管指標
- CStaying socially active✓ 正解保持社交活躍
- DConsistent physical activity✓ 正解規律的身體活動
- ESelf-prescribing memory supplements自行處方購買記憶力補充劑
維持認知健康（Cognitive health）是老年護理的重點，目的在於延緩失智症的進展。實證顯示，透過終身學習、心血管風險控制（因為大腦血管健康即大腦健康）、社交活動與規律運動，能有效提升腦部儲備力（Cognitive reserve）。護理師應鼓勵個案維持活躍的生活型態，並警惕市面上未經科學證實的記憶補充劑。
Maintaining cognitive health is a major focus of older adult nursing care and aims to slow the progression of dementia. Evidence shows that lifelong learning, control of cardiovascular risk factors (because vascular health of the brain equates to brain health), social engagement, and regular physical activity all effectively enhance cognitive reserve. Nurses should encourage clients to maintain an active lifestyle and remain wary of memory supplements that lack scientific validation.