— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些介入措施適合原發性高血壓病人以改善健康預後？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with primary hypertension to improve health outcomes? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdopt the DASH eating plan✓ 正解採用 DASH 飲食計畫
- BMaintain a body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9✓ 正解將身體質量指數維持在 18.5 至 24.9 之間
- CLimit alcohol consumption to moderate amounts✓ 正解將酒精攝取量限制在中度範圍
- DEngage in aerobic physical activity at least 150 minutes per week✓ 正解每週至少進行 150 分鐘的有氧體育活動
- ERestrict dietary potassium intake限制膳食鉀攝取量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
原發性高血壓管理核心為生活型態調整，包含 DASH 飲食、BMI 控制、節制飲酒及規律運動。限制鉀離子攝取反而是錯誤的，除非病人有慢性腎臟病，否則一般高血壓病人應鼓勵攝取充足的鉀離子以幫助鈉排除，進而降壓。
Appropriate interventions for primary hypertension include adopting the DASH diet, maintaining a healthy BMI, limiting alcohol, and engaging in regular aerobic exercise. Dietary potassium should not be restricted unless indicated by renal disease, as it aids in sodium excretion and blood pressure reduction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國極力推廣 DASH 飲食作為第一線非藥物治療；台灣臨床多著重於限鈉衛教，對整體飲食架構的結構化介入較少。