— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師正在為病人進行輸血。下列哪些徵象顯示溶血反應？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering a blood transfusion to a client. Which signs would indicate a hemolytic reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- ALow back pain✓ 正解背痛
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CBradycardia心搏過緩
- DFever and chills✓ 正解發燒和畏寒
- EHemoglobinuria✓ 正解血紅素尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性溶血反應（Hemolytic reaction）是由於 ABO 血型不相容導致的嚴重輸血反應。病人的免疫系統攻擊輸入的紅血球，造成紅血球破裂（溶血）。臨床特徵包括：腰痛（腎臟受損）、發燒與寒顫、低血壓（休克）、心跳過速以及血紅素尿（腎絲球過濾破裂紅血球的產物）。這屬於醫療緊急狀況，需立即停止輸血。
Acute hemolytic reactions occur when the immune system attacks incompatible donor red blood cells, leading to their destruction. Key signs include low back pain, fever, chills, hypotension, tachycardia, and hemoglobinuria, indicating a medical emergency that requires immediate cessation of the transfusion.