— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師教導個案戒菸策略。下列哪些是實證支持的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about smoking cessation strategies. Which interventions are evidence-based? (Select all that apply.)
- ANicotine replacement therapy (NRT)✓ 正解尼古丁替代品療法 (NRT)
- BBehavioral counseling✓ 正解行為諮商
- CPrescription medications like varenicline✓ 正解處方藥物如伐尼克蘭
- DSwitching to e-cigarettes permanently永久改用電子菸
- ECold turkey method only僅採斷然戒菸法
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒菸是多模式介入的過程，實證支持的黃金標準包含：尼古丁替代療法（NRT，減緩戒斷症狀）、行為諮詢（改變習慣與情緒因應）、處方藥物（如 Varenicline，阻斷尼古丁受體）。電子菸因其長期健康風險與成癮性，目前不被視為標準戒菸指引。斷然戒菸（Cold turkey）成功率極低，不建議作為首選策略。
Evidence-based smoking cessation strategies include nicotine replacement therapy to manage withdrawal symptoms, behavioral counseling to modify habits, and prescription medications like varenicline to block nicotine receptors. E-cigarettes are not recommended due to unknown long-term risks, and cold turkey methods have low success rates compared to combined therapeutic approaches.