— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
75 歲病人在理學檢查中，下列何者為正常的預期發現？
Which of the following is a normal expected finding in a 75-year-old client during a physical assessment?
- ADecreased subcutaneous fat in the extremities✓ 正解肢體皮下脂肪減少
- BIncreased production of saliva唾液分泌增加
- CHigher resting heart rate較高的靜息心率
- DIncreased reaction time反應時間增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
隨著年齡增長，身體會出現一系列正常的生理性退化。核心概念在於區分「老化過程中的正常生理改變」與「病理狀況」。皮膚系統方面，皮下脂肪層變薄、彈性纖維減少及血管變脆，導致皮膚變薄、乾燥且易受傷。其餘選項皆非老化常規現象，甚至可能暗示病理問題。在理學檢查（Physical Assessment）中，護理師需熟悉這些生理衰老指標，以避免誤將正常老化現象視為病變。
Decreased subcutaneous fat in the extremities is a normal age-related change due to the redistribution and thinning of fat layers. Other options such as increased saliva production or higher resting heart rate are not typical of normal aging and may indicate pathology.