護理師對一群成人進行健康老化衛教。哪些主題對於維持自主生活至關重要？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a group of adults on healthy aging. Which topics are essential for maintaining independence? (Select all that apply.)
- AStrengthening exercises for balance✓ 正解增強平衡能力的肌力運動
- BAnnual influenza vaccination✓ 正解年度流感疫苗接種
- CRegular vision and hearing screenings✓ 正解定期視力與聽力篩檢
- DPolypharmacy management✓ 正解多重用藥管理
- EHigh-intensity contact sports高強度碰撞運動
健康老化（Healthy aging）的核心在於預防跌倒、維持免疫力與感官功能，並確保用藥安全。維持自主生活的關鍵是將慢性病控制在不影響日常生活（ADLs）的範圍內。選項 A、B、C、D 皆屬於預防性措施，能有效降低老年失能與住院風險。選項 E 則因具有高衝擊性，對骨質密度較低或關節退化的老年人而言，受傷風險遠高於健康效益，故不建議。
The core of healthy aging is to prevent falls, maintain immune function and sensory abilities, and ensure medication safety. The key to maintaining independent living is to keep chronic diseases controlled within a range that does not affect activities of daily living (ADLs). Options A, B, C, and D are all preventive measures that effectively reduce the risk of disability and hospitalization in older adults. Option E, however, is high-impact; for older adults with low bone density or joint degeneration, the risk of injury far outweighs the health benefits, so it is not recommended.
在美國，老年衛教非常強調「跌倒預防（Fall prevention）」及「藥物審閱（Medication reconciliation）」，護理師常需與藥師合作進行居家藥物管理評估，相較於台灣，美國更重視跨專業團隊（Interdisciplinary team）在社區中的角色。