— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師針對高血壓個案進行出院指導，應強調哪些飲食調整？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client diagnosed with hypertension. Which dietary modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease intake of potassium-rich foods✓ 正解增加富含鉀的食物攝取
- BFollow a diet high in whole grains✓ 正解遵循高全穀類飲食
- CLimit daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg✓ 正解將每日鈉攝取量限制在 2,300 mg 以下
- DEliminate all dairy products排除所有乳製品
- EAvoid consumption of caffeinated beverages entirely完全避免攝取含咖啡因的飲料
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓飲食調整以 DASH 飲食為基礎，強調高鉀、高纖（全穀類）及限鈉（<2,300mg，理想 <1,500mg）。D 錯誤：低脂乳製品是鈣質來源，有助降壓；E 錯誤：咖啡因需限量而非完全禁忌，除非醫師特別指示。
Dietary modifications for hypertension are based on the DASH diet, emphasizing increased potassium, high fiber (whole grains), and sodium restriction (less than 2,300 mg per day, ideally less than 1,500 mg). Option D is incorrect: low-fat dairy is a source of calcium and helps lower blood pressure. Option E is also incorrect: caffeine should be limited rather than completely eliminated unless specifically directed by the provider.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆推廣 DASH 飲食，但台灣需特別教育中式烹調習慣中高鈉調味料（如醬油）的替換。