下列哪些情境需要護理師向主管回報潛在安全問題？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following scenarios require a nurse to report a potential safety issue to the manager? (Select all that apply.)
- AA medication pump that consistently malfunctions✓ 正解經常故障的藥物輸注幫浦
- BA colleague who appears to be under the influence of drugs✓ 正解似乎受藥物影響的同事
- CA patient complaining about the taste of the food抱怨食物口味的病人
- DStaffing levels that consistently prevent timely care✓ 正解持續無法及時提供照護的人力配置水準
- EA frayed electrical cord on a piece of equipment✓ 正解設備上磨損的電線
護理師在臨床工作中負有安全通報的義務，這屬於護理管理與風險管理（Risk Management）的核心。任何可能威脅病人、員工安全或導致系統性照護品質下降的狀況，都必須透過機構內的標準作業程序（如 Incident Report 或 Sentinel Event 通報）進行回報。這不僅是為了單一事件的處置，更是為了預防未來的再發生。
Nurses have a clinical obligation to report safety concerns, which is a core element of nursing administration and risk management. Any situation that could threaten patient or staff safety or cause a systemic decline in the quality of care must be reported through the institution's standard procedures (such as incident reports or sentinel event notifications). This is intended not only to address the individual event but also to prevent recurrence in the future.
在美國，這類事件通常涉及「護理師職責（Nurse Practice Act）」及「強制通報（Mandatory Reporting）」。特別是同事行為異常，美國護理界對於護理師身心健康與病安的關聯極為重視，若未通報可能導致嚴重的法律責任。