護理師為客戶進行身體評估。下列哪項措施屬於皮膚癌的初級預防？
A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client. Which action is part of the primary prevention of skin cancer?
- AApplying sunscreen before going outside✓ 正解外出前塗抹防曬乳
- BBiopsy of a suspicious lesion對可疑病變進行切片檢查
- CAnnual skin examination by a dermatologist由皮膚科醫師進行年度皮膚檢查
- DExamining moles for changes檢查痣是否有變化
初級預防（Primary prevention）的核心目標是「預防疾病發生」。透過減少暴露於致病因子或增進個人健康狀態，在疾病尚未形成前阻斷發展過程。防曬乳能阻隔紫外線（UV）對皮膚細胞 DNA 的損傷，直接降低癌症發生率，屬於典型的初級預防措施。反之，D、B、C 選項皆針對已存在的病灶進行監測或診斷，屬於次級預防（Secondary prevention）範疇，目的是早期發現與早期治療。
The core goal of primary prevention is to prevent disease from occurring. By reducing exposure to disease-causing factors or improving personal health, the development of disease is interrupted before it forms. Sunscreen blocks ultraviolet (UV) damage to the DNA of skin cells, directly reducing the incidence of cancer, and is a classic primary prevention measure. By contrast, options D, B, and C involve monitoring or diagnosing pre-existing lesions and fall under secondary prevention, the purpose of which is early detection and treatment.