護理師正在社區健康課程中討論骨質疏鬆的風險因素。哪位個案患此病的風險最高？
A nurse is teaching a community health class about the risk factors for osteoporosis. Which client has the highest risk for developing the disease?
- AA 70-year-old Asian male who walks 3 miles a day.一位每天步行 3 英里的 70 歲亞裔男性
- BA 60-year-old African American male who swims daily.一位每天游泳的 60 歲非裔美國男性
- CA 45-year-old Hispanic female who takes calcium supplements.一位服用鈣質補充劑的 45 歲西班牙裔女性
- DA 55-year-old Caucasian female with a small body frame who smokes.✓ 正解一位體型纖細且吸菸的 55 歲白人女性
骨質疏鬆症（Osteoporosis）是一種骨骼疾病，其特徵是骨密度下降和骨骼微結構惡化，導致骨骼脆弱並增加骨折風險。護理師在社區健康課程中討論此疾病時，應幫助個案了解其個人風險因素。核心概念是綜合多個風險因素來評估個案的總體風險，包括不可改變的因素（如年齡、性別、種族、體型）和可改變的因素（如吸菸、飲食、運動）。綜合來看，多重風險因素疊加的個案，其罹病風險最高。臨床思路應著重於識別高風險族群，並提供針對性的預防策略和生活型態調整建議，例如鈣質和維生素 D 補充、負重運動、戒菸等。
This client has the highest risk due to the combination of multiple significant risk factors: postmenopausal status, Caucasian ethnicity, small body frame, advanced age, and smoking. While Asian ethnicity and age are also risks, the cumulative effect of these specific demographic and lifestyle factors makes this individual the most vulnerable to developing osteoporosis compared to the other options.
骨質疏鬆症的風險因素在美國與台灣是普遍認同的，包括年齡、性別、種族、體型、家族史、吸菸、飲酒、鈣質與維生素 D 攝取不足、久坐不動等。兩地的臨床指南在篩檢建議（如骨密度檢查 DEXA scan 的起始年齡和頻率）可能略有差異，但護理師在衛教和風險評估上的核心職責是一致的。