一位 55 歲客戶詢問關於預防心臟病的一級預防策略。護理師應推薦下列哪項行動？
A 55-year-old client is asking about primary prevention strategies for heart disease. Which action should the nurse recommend?
- ACoronary artery calcium scoring冠狀動脈鈣化評分
- BSmoking cessation✓ 正解戒菸
- CCardiac stress testing心臟壓力測試
- DStarting a daily low-dose aspirin regimen開始每日低劑量阿斯匹靈療程
一級預防（Primary Prevention）的目標是在疾病發生前消除危險因子。心臟病的危險因子包括吸菸、高血壓、高血脂與久坐。戒菸能直接降低動脈粥狀硬化的風險，是極為重要的一級預防策略。阿斯匹靈已不再作為常規的一級預防手段，因為出血風險可能大於心血管保護效益；而壓力測試與鈣化評分屬於疾病篩檢（二級預防）。
The goal of primary prevention is to eliminate risk factors before disease develops. Risk factors for heart disease include smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle. Smoking cessation directly reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and is therefore an extremely important primary prevention strategy. Aspirin is no longer recommended as routine primary prevention because the risk of bleeding may outweigh the cardiovascular protective benefit; stress testing and calcium scoring are disease screening tests and represent secondary prevention.