護理師應建議 70 歲女性個案採取哪些健康促進活動以預防跌倒？（選所有適合的）
Which health promotion activities should the nurse recommend for a 70-year-old female client to prevent falls? (Select all that apply.)
- AEngage in Tai Chi or strength training exercises✓ 正解從事太極拳或肌力訓練運動
- BHave an annual vision and hearing screening✓ 正解接受年度視力與聽力篩檢
- CRemove throw rugs and clear pathways in the home✓ 正解移除家中的散落地毯並清理通道
- DIncrease intake of Vitamin D and calcium supplements✓ 正解增加維生素 D 和鈣質補充品的攝取
- EAvoid wearing shoes inside the house to improve floor grip避免在家中穿鞋以增強地板摩擦力
高齡跌倒預防強調環境優化與生理機能維持。太極拳能改善平衡，肌力訓練能穩定重心；感官篩檢能避免視聽覺障礙導致的判斷錯誤；清除居家障礙物是最直接的環境改善；補充鈣與維生素 D 能強化骨質，減輕跌倒造成的骨折傷害。E 選項錯誤，居家穿著合適防滑鞋履較赤腳更安全。
Fall prevention in older adults emphasizes environmental modification and maintenance of physiological function. Tai chi improves balance; strength training stabilizes posture; sensory screening prevents misperception of the environment; clearing home hazards directly improves safety; and vitamin D and calcium strengthen bone to reduce fracture severity. Option E is incorrect; non-slip footwear is safer than going barefoot.
美國有完善的居家環境評估（Home Safety Assessment）補助；台灣多由家屬主動改善，較少有結構性的評估流程。