— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 75 歲病人常在站起時感到頭暈。為預防跌倒，最合適的建議為何？
A 75-year-old client experiences occasional dizziness when standing up. What is the most appropriate advice to prevent falls?
- AUse a walker only when outdoors僅在戶外使用助行器
- BIncrease blood pressure medication dosage增加降血壓藥物劑量
- CAvoid getting out of bed at night避免夜間下床
- DRise slowly from a sitting to standing position✓ 正解從坐姿到站姿時緩慢起身
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
姿勢性低血壓是老年人跌倒的主因。指導病人採取緩慢起身（Sit-to-stand）的策略，能讓心血管系統適應體位變化，防止腦部缺血。其餘選項錯誤：不應限制夜間如廁需求，藥物調整需醫師決策，輔具使用需考量個人平衡狀況。
Orthostatic hypotension is a major cause of falls in older adults. Teaching the client to rise slowly allows the cardiovascular system to adapt to postural changes and prevents cerebral hypoperfusion. Restricting bathroom trips, adjusting medications independently, or limiting walker use are incorrect strategies.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆強調 Fall Precaution，居家環境評估為重點。