— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師向社區民眾進行皮膚癌初級預防衛教，下列哪項建議最準確？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which recommendation is most accurate?
- AApply sunscreen with at least SPF 15 every morning每天早上塗抹至少 SPF 15 的防曬乳
- BAvoid direct sun exposure between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM✓ 正解避免在上午 10:00 至下午 4:00 之間直接曝曬陽光
- CWear a hat only when the temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius僅在攝氏 30 度以上時戴帽子
- DUse tanning beds only once a week to maintain skin tone每週使用美黑床一次以維持膚色
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防的目標是消除或減少暴露於致癌物質，限制在紫外線最強的時段（上午 10 點至下午 4 點）直接暴露於陽光下，是降低皮膚癌風險最直接的方法。SPF 建議應至少為 30 且需適時補擦；人工曬黑床具有明確致癌風險；防曬應基於紫外線指數而非溫度。
The goal of primary prevention is to eliminate or reduce exposure to carcinogenic agents. Limiting direct sun exposure during the peak ultraviolet hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) is the most direct way to reduce the risk of skin cancer. Sunscreen should have an SPF of at least 30 and be reapplied as needed; artificial tanning beds carry a clear carcinogenic risk; sun protection should be based on the UV index rather than on temperature.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美籍民眾較常使用防曬乳液與戶外運動，台灣近年因教育推廣，對紫外線防護意識逐漸提升，但熱帶氣候因素需更強調防曬。