護理師評估個案對於骨質疏鬆預防的理解。下列哪些敘述顯示學習已發生？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of osteoporosis prevention. Which statements indicate that learning has occurred? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will engage in weight-bearing exercises like walking✓ 正解我將從事如步行等負重運動
- BI will ensure an adequate intake of calcium and Vitamin D✓ 正解我將確保攝取足夠的鈣和維生素 D
- CI will avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption✓ 正解我將避免吸菸和過度飲酒
- DI will increase my caffeine intake to improve bone density我將增加咖啡因攝取以改善骨密度
- EI will limit my sun exposure entirely to avoid skin damage我將完全限制陽光曝曬以避免皮膚損傷
骨質疏鬆的預防重點在於維持骨密度（Bone Mineral Density, BMD）。這需要足夠的鈣質與維生素 D 來支持骨骼礦化，並透過負重運動（weight-bearing exercise）對骨骼施加壓力，刺激成骨細胞作用。同時，戒除菸酒是必要的，因為菸酒會干擾鈣吸收並影響骨代謝。咖啡因攝取過量則會增加鈣質排泄，因此應適量攝取。
The focus of osteoporosis prevention is to maintain Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This requires adequate calcium and vitamin D to support bone mineralization, along with weight-bearing exercise to apply stress to the bones and stimulate osteoblast activity. Avoiding tobacco and alcohol is also essential because they interfere with calcium absorption and disrupt bone metabolism. Excessive caffeine intake increases calcium excretion and should therefore be moderated.