護理師向社區團體衛教如何預防西尼羅病毒 (West Nile virus)。哪項建議最有效？
A nurse is teaching a community group about preventing West Nile virus. Which advice is most effective?
- ATake daily prophylactic antibiotics每日服用預防性抗生素
- BUse insect repellent with DEET✓ 正解使用含 DEET 的驅蚊劑
- CKeep windows open at night for ventilation夜間開窗通風
- DAvoid going outside during the winter避免在冬季外出
西尼羅病毒（West Nile virus）主要透過蚊子叮咬傳播，預防措施的核心在於阻斷病媒蚊接觸。根據疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）指引，使用含 DEET、Picaridin 或 IR3535 等經環境保護署（EPA）註冊的驅蚊劑最為有效。臨床衛教應強調穿著長袖衣物、安裝紗窗以及清除積水容器，以減少蚊蟲孳生環境。抗生素僅對細菌有效，無法對病毒產生作用。
West Nile virus is transmitted primarily through mosquito bites, and prevention focuses on interrupting contact with the vector. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, the most effective approach is to use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535. Clinical teaching should emphasize wearing long-sleeved clothing, installing window screens, and eliminating standing water to reduce mosquito breeding. Antibiotics are effective only against bacteria and have no effect on viruses.