護理師指導一位第一型糖尿病病人「生病期間的處理原則」，應包含哪些重點？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client who has type 1 diabetes about sick-day rules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck blood glucose levels every 3 to 4 hours✓ 正解每 3 至 4 小時測量血糖
- BDiscontinue insulin if you are unable to eat若無法進食則停用胰島素
- CTest urine for ketones if blood glucose is >240 mg/dL✓ 正解若血糖 >240 mg/dL 則檢測尿液酮體
- DDrink liquids containing carbohydrates if unable to eat solid food✓ 正解若無法進食固體食物，請飲用含碳水化合物之液體
- ECall the provider if symptoms of nausea or vomiting occur✓ 正解若出現噁心或嘔吐症狀，請聯繫醫師
第一型糖尿病病人在生病期間（Sick-day rules），體內壓力荷爾蒙（如皮質醇）升高，會導致胰島素阻抗增加及血糖波動。護理重點在於預防糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）。病人需增加血糖監測頻率，檢測酮體以評估代謝狀態，並確保水分與碳水化合物攝取以補充能量。絕對不可自行停用胰島素，因為生病期間胰島素需求量反而會增加。若出現無法進食、嘔吐等徵兆，必須立即就醫以防脫水與代謝失衡。
When a client with type 1 diabetes is ill (sick-day rules), stress hormones such as cortisol rise, leading to increased insulin resistance and fluctuations in blood glucose. The focus of nursing care is to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The client must increase the frequency of blood glucose monitoring, check for ketones to evaluate metabolic status, and ensure adequate fluid and carbohydrate intake to maintain energy. Insulin must never be discontinued without instruction, because insulin requirements actually increase during illness. If the client cannot eat or experiences vomiting, immediate medical attention is required to prevent dehydration and metabolic imbalance.