— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師教導孕婦預防弓形蟲感染。哪項措施最重要？
A nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about preventing toxoplasmosis. Which action is most important?
- ALimit physical activity限制體力活動
- BAvoid cleaning the cat litter box✓ 正解避免清理貓砂盆
- CAvoid all contact with dogs避免與所有犬隻接觸
- DStop drinking tap water停止飲用自來水
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
弓形蟲（Toxoplasma gondii）是一種寄生蟲，孕婦若在懷孕期間初次感染，寄生蟲可透過胎盤傳染給胎兒，導致嚴重的先天性畸形或發育問題。貓的糞便中常含有寄生蟲卵囊，處理貓砂盆是主要的傳染途徑。護理的核心在於降低孕婦接觸病原體的風險，除了避開貓砂，亦應強調食用肉類需徹底煮熟、接觸生肉後徹底洗手以及清洗蔬菜的重要性。
Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite found in cat feces, making it crucial for pregnant women to avoid cleaning the litter box to prevent infection. Prevention also includes ensuring meat is thoroughly cooked, washing hands after handling raw meat, and cleaning fruits and vegetables, as dogs are not carriers and water is not a primary transmission route.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣與美國在衛教觀念上一致。美國 CDC 強烈建議孕婦若無他人可協助，清理貓砂時必須戴手套並配戴 N95 口罩，事後徹底洗手，但最佳建議仍為完全避免接觸。